Payroll Survey Signals U.S. Jobs Slowing as Orders Drop: Economy

By Shobhana Chandra and Timothy R. Homan - May 3, 2012 12:07 AM GMT+0700

Companies in the U.S. added fewer workers last month, according to data from a private survey, pointing to a cooling in the job market, as the Commerce Department also reported a decline in factory orders in March.

Private employment increased by 119,000, the smallest gain in seven months, after rising by 201,000 in March, Roseland, New Jersey-based ADP Employer Services said. Orders to factories fell 1.5 percent following a 1.1 percent gain in February.

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Job seekers wait in line to enter a career fair in New York. Photographer: Michael Nagle/Bloomberg

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May 2 (Bloomberg) -- U.S. Representative James Himes, a Connecticut Democrat, talks about the ADP payroll report for April and the economy. Employment increased by 119,000 following a revised 201,000 gain the prior month, according to figures from Roseland, New Jersey-based ADP Employer Services. Himes, speaking with Betty Liu on Bloomberg Television's "In the Loop," also discusses financial market regulations and the Occupy Wall Street protests. (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 2 (Bloomberg) -- Martin Feldstein, a professor of economics at Harvard University, talks about the impact of Federal Reserve monetary policy on the stock market. Feldstein, speaking with Sara Eisen on Bloomberg Television's "InsideTrack," also discusses the outlook for the U.S. economy. (Source: Bloomberg)

Stocks retreated as the smaller-than-projected advance in payrolls raised concerns government data in two days will show the world’s largest economy isn’t growing fast enough to reduce unemployment. A report yesterday showing manufacturing expanded in April at the fastest pace in almost a year helped send the Dow Jones Industrial Average to the highest level since 2007.

“Some slowing of job growth was expected,” said Gus Faucher, a senior economist at PNC Financial Services Group Inc. in Philadelphia. “As of now, the job market continues to expand, and we’re getting close to a self-sustaining recovery” where job growth supports wage gains, he said.

The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index fell 0.4 percent to 1,400.94 at 12:52 p.m. in New York. Treasury securities rose, sending the yield on the benchmark 10-year note down to 1.93 percent from 1.94 percent late yesterday.

The median forecast of economists surveyed by Bloomberg News called for a 170,000 increase for ADP. Projections ranged from 100,000 to 200,000, based on estimates of 37 economists.

Uncertain Predictor

Over the previous six reports, ADP has been an uncertain predictor of the Labor Department’s monthly estimate. It was closest in October, when ADP’s first estimate of private payrolls overstated the gain by 6,000, and least accurate in December, when it overestimated employment by 113,000.

The government’s report in two days is projected to show payrolls increased by about 160,000 in April after rising 120,000 a month earlier, according to the Bloomberg survey median. The March data raised concern the job market was cooling, mimicking a slowdown in early 2011 that was precipitated by a jump in fuel costs and disruptions caused by the earthquake and tsunami in Japan.

Ian Shepherdson, chief U.S. economist at High Frequency Economics Ltd., cut his April payroll estimate after the ADP data. Shepherdson, in an e-mail to clients in which he called the figures “disappointing,” lowered his forecast to 125,000 from 200,000.

Sticks to Forecast

Joseph LaVorgna, chief U.S. economist at Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. in New York, stuck to his projected 175,000 gain. In a note to clients, LaVorgna said that ADP uses figures on jobless claims to produce its estimate, meaning the jump in applications surrounding the Easter holiday probably cut into ADP’s estimate. LaVorgna forecast ADP would show a 125,000 increase.

Elsewhere, joblessness in the 17-nation euro area increased to 10.9 percent in March, the highest since April 1997, from 10.8 percent a month earlier. Separate data showed euro-region manufacturing contracted more than initially estimated last month and unemployment in Germany, the area’s biggest economy, unexpectedly climbed.

In China, a manufacturing index rose in April, signaling a rebound in the world’s second-biggest economy may help to offset constraints on global growth from austerity measures in Europe.

The U.S. economy expanded at a 2.2 percent annual rate in the first quarter after a 3 percent pace in the final three months of 2011, Commerce Department figures showed last week. Growth was led by the biggest gain in consumer spending in more than a year.

Expanding in Illinois

Growing demand is generating employment. Volkswagen AG’s U.S. financing arm said it will expand its Illinois office, adding about 150 new jobs through 2018, as the German automaker expands its American business. VW Credit Inc. on April 20 broke ground on a 30,000-square-foot expansion to about double the size of its facility in Libertyville, Illinois.

The Labor Department’s report on May 4 may also show the jobless rate probably held at 8.2 percent, economists in the survey predicted. Unemployment has exceeded 8 percent since February 2009, the longest stretch of such levels of unemployment since monthly records began in 1948.

The ADP report is based on data representing businesses with more than 21 million workers on payrolls. Macroeconomic Advisers LLC in St. Louis produces the data with ADP.

The Commerce Department’s report showed orders to U.S. factories were restrained by a pullback in demand for aircraft that overshadowed gains elsewhere.

Turbines, Appliances

Bookings fell 1.5 percent after a revised 1.1 percent gain in February, according to figures from the Commerce Department. Turbines and household appliances were among areas showing increases as demand for commercial planes dropped by 48 percent.

The report comes a day after purchasing managers said manufacturing expanded in April at the fastest pace since June as orders, production and employment picked up, indicating the slump in bookings may be short-lived. Exports and consumer spending on big-ticket items like automobiles may be making up for a cooling in business investment, which means factories will continue to support the expansion.

Orders “have been on a see-saw pattern over the past four months, largely because of big swings in civilian aircraft,” Steven Wood, president of Insight Economics LLC in Danville, California, said in a note to clients. “Despite this month’s decline, new orders have been on a rising trend,” he said. “The demand for manufactured goods is recovering moderately.”

To contact the reporters on this story: Shobhana Chandra in Washington at Schandra1@bloomberg.net; Timothy R. Homan in Washington at thoman1@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Christopher Wellisz at cwellisz@bloomberg.net

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107 People Charged With $452 Million in Medicare Fraud

By Seth Stern, Laurel Brubaker Calkins and Margaret Cronin Fisk - May 3, 2012 5:52 AM GMT+0700

Federal authorities charged 107 people with Medicare fraud in a multistate operation, alleging schemes involving about $452 million in false billing, officials in Washington announced.

The U.S. charged doctors, nurses and other licensed medical professionals with schemes including submitting bills to Medicare for unnecessary services and providing and paying kickbacks to acquire patient information for fraudulent bills.

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A registered nurse discusses medication with a patient during a house call on March 26, 2012 in Denver. Photographer: John Moore/Getty Images

The indictments were the result of an investigation by the Medicare Fraud Strike Force in seven U.S. cities including Miami, Detroit, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Tampa, Florida, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, prosecutors said.

“Today’s arrests send a strong message to criminals that the consequences of committing Medicare fraud are serious,” Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a statement. “In addition to these arrests, we used new authority from the health-care law to stop all future payments to 52 health-care providers suspected of fraud.”

Those charged include 59 defendants in Miami, accused of bilking the Medicare program of $137 million in false billings for home health care, mental health and other services.

Seven individuals in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, were accused of submitting $225 million in false claims through two community mental health centers, about half the total alleged fraudulent billings.

Largest Operation

“This coordinated takedown involved the highest amount of false Medicare billings in a single takedown in strike force history,” the Justice Department said in a statement today. The operation was the fourth in a series of such operations in the past two years, Assistant Attorney General Lanny A. Breuer said.

“These fraud schemes were committed by people up and down the chain of health-care providers -- from doctors, nurses and licensed clinical social workers to office managers and patient recruiters,” Breuer said today at a press conference.

The Baton Rouge case is the largest-ever prosecution of a community mental health care-related scheme, the U.S. said.

The Baton Rouge defendants “allegedly recruited elderly, drug-addicted and mentally ill patients from nursing homes and homeless shelters in order to submit false claims on their behalf,” Breuer said.

“They also allegedly falsified patient notes and attendance records, and forged the signatures of medical professionals -- all to make it appear as though their patients were receiving medical services when, in fact, they were not,” he said.

Clinic Owners

Those indicted in Baton Rouge included Hoor Naz Jafri and Roslyn F. Dogan, owners of two community mental-health clinics in that city.

“Jafri and Dogan directed and facilitated a large-scale scheme to bilk Medicare of hundreds of millions of dollars by taking advantage of the most vulnerable,” U.S. Attorney Donald J. Cazayoux Jr. in Baton Rouge said in court papers.

The women admitted the patients without regard to eligibility and continued treating them even after therapists complained it was inappropriate to do so, Cazayouz alleged.

“After the entities through which they operated their fraudulent scheme were placed on suspension by Medicare in September 2011, they reconstituted their fraudulent enterprise by purchasing another company,” Cazayoux said in court papers.

“Finally, Dogan participated in and encouraged the destruction of possibly incriminating files, and she personally even stole evidence from the U.S. Attorney’s Office in order to obstruct the investigation and conceal fraudulent activity,” Cazayoux said in court papers.

Guilty Pleas

The indictment against the seven Baton Rouge defendants was filed under seal the day before four therapists at the centers pleaded guilty to one count each of conspiracy to commit health- care fraud.

The Miami defendants include clinic and pharmacy owners, three nurses, two therapists, four patients and one accountant, U.S. Attorney Wifredo Ferrer said. Federal officials arrested 57 of those indicted and two are fugitives, Ferrer said.

“They each tried to use the Medicare program as their own personal ATMs to steal precious health-care dollars,” Ferrer said today at a press conference.

In Detroit, 22 defendants, including four licensed social workers were charged with cheating Medicare of $58 million in false claims for medically unnecessary services.

Clinic Staffers

In one Detroit indictment, Sanyani Edwards, controller of Funderburg Clinical and Community Services Inc., and Angel Williams, an office manager there, were charged with one count each of conspiracy to commit health-care fraud and five counts of health-care fraud.

Edwards and Williams would bill Medicare using provider numbers for licensed social workers without the workers’ knowledge or authorization “for services that were medically unnecessary and not provided,” the U.S. said in the indictment.

The government charged Raymond Arias, the owner of another Michigan clinic, with six counts of health-care fraud. Medicare paid Arias’s business, Elite Wellness LLC, of Westland, Michigan, about $3.8 million “on false and fraudulent claims,” the U.S. said. About $2.6 million of this was transferred to bank accounts in Mexico and Panama, according to an indictment.

Nine Houston-area residents were charged with participating in schemes involving $16.4 million in false billings for home health-care and ambulance services, the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Houston said.

Among those charged were Nick Patzakis and Jarvis Thomas, a doctor and nurse, respectively, who allegedly submitted $9.7 million in false Medicare billings through two home health agencies, with the help of two other co-conspirators. Four owners of Houston-area ambulance services were also charged in separate indictments with filing $6.7 million in bogus Medicare claims for ambulance rides that were either medically unnecessary or never provided.

The U.S. also charged eight Los Angeles-area residents with allegedly participating in schemes to submit more than $14 million in false bills to Medicare. The charges include an indictment handed down April 24 against two officials with Latay Medical Services, which provides health-care equipment to patients.

Latay owner Bolademi Adetola, of Harbor City, and employee Yuri Martin Lopez, of Lawndale, allegedly obtained fraudulent prescriptions for power wheelchairs, orthotics and hospital beds that were either not provided or weren’t medically necessary, U.S. Attorney Andre Birotte Jr. said today in a statement.

To contact the reporters on this story: Seth Stern in Washington at sstern14@bloomberg.net; Laurel Brubaker Calkins in Houston at of laurel@calkins.us.com; Margaret Cronin Fisk in Detroit at mcfisk@bloomberg.net.

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Steven Komarow at skomarow1@bloomberg.net; Michael Hytha at mhytha@bloomberg.net.

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Chesapeake’s McClendon ‘Deeply Sorry,’ Promises Debt Plan

By Joe Carroll and Jim Polson - May 3, 2012 4:00 AM GMT+0700

Chesapeake Energy Corp. (CHK) Chief Executive Officer Aubrey McClendon told investors he’s “deeply sorry” that his personal finances have come under scrutiny as shares fell the most in more than three years.

“I’m deeply sorry for all of the distractions of the past two weeks,” McClendon, co-founder of Oklahoma City-based Chesapeake, said on a conference call today. McClendon said the company may have to sell more assets than planned to cover a gap between cash flow and revenue if natural-gas prices remain depressed. These sales won’t interfere with debt-reduction targets or plans to boost oil production, he said.

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Aubrey McClendon, co-founder of Chesapeake Energy Corp., is "deeply sorry for all of the distractions of the past two weeks." Photograph: AP Photo

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Chesapeake Energy Corp. Chief Executive Officer Aubrey McClendon raised concern among some of his biggest investors, including Southeastern Asset Management, after news reports last month showed that he used his stakes in company wells as collateral to borrow hundreds of millions of dollars. Photographer: F. Carter Smith/Bloomberg

Chesapeake dropped 15 percent to $16.74 at the close in New York, the biggest decline since December 2008. The company reported an unexpected first-quarter loss yesterday, cut cash flow estimates, reduced its drilling budget and said it may run out of money next year under the weight of the lowest gas prices in a decade. Chesapeake needs gas prices of $5 a thousand cubic feet in 2014 to achieve its $7 billion cash flow goal for that year, McClendon said.

The shares have dropped 50 percent in the past year. The impact of falling gas prices has been compounded by media reports that McClendon was using personal stakes in the company’s wells to obtain loans. Chesapeake said yesterday it would strip McClendon of his role as chairman and appoint an independent person to the position he has held since co-founding the company in 1989.

Chesapeake’s board said it will call an early halt to an incentive program that allowed McClendon to amass personal stakes in thousands of company-operated wells.

Biggest Investors

McClendon raised concern among some of his biggest investors, including Southeastern Asset Management, after Reuters reported last month that he used his stakes in the wells as collateral to borrow hundreds of millions of dollars. Southeastern Asset Management, which holds a 13.6 percent stake in the company, today filed to change its status to an activist investor so it can pursue talks with management or third parties to boost the company’s value.

Potential conflicts between his personal and professional duties overshadowed the CEO’s efforts to shave a net debt load that swelled to twice the size of Exxon Mobil Corp. (XOM)’s at the end of 2011.

“The market has been catching up to the debt-laden, smoke- and-mirrors investment model they employ,” said Steve Shafer, chief investment officer for Covenant Global Investors, an Oklahoma City-based hedge fund that manages $320 million. “Chesapeake has a lot of debt and it needs a lot of debt going forward and that sets up a potentially scary situation.”

End the ‘Controversy’

Covenant Global doesn’t own Chesapeake shares.

“We are eager to put the controversy of the past two weeks behind us and focus all of our energies on delivering on our key endeavors,” McClendon said on the conference call today.

Chesapeake reported a first-quarter loss of $71 million, or 11 cents a share, compared with a loss of $205 million, or 32 cents, a year earlier, the company said in a statement yesterday. Excluding one-time gains and losses, per-share earnings were 18 cents, less than the 28-cent average of 34 analysts’ estimates compiled by Bloomberg.

Cutting Estimates

The gas producer slashed its full-year 2012 and 2013 operating cash flow estimates by as much as 48 percent and increased the amount of assets it plans to sell. Chesapeake said it may run short of cash next year after completing more than $20 billion in asset sales to close a funding gap and pay down debt.

The asset sales won’t impede Chesapeake’s plan to increase oil output to 250,000 barrels a day in 2015, Chief Financial Officer Domenic Dell’Osso said during the call.

The cost to protect against losses on Chesapeake’s debt jumped to the highest since September 2009. Credit-default swaps on the company jumped 3.5 percentage points to 7.6 percent upfront as of about 3:30 p.m. in New York, according to CMA, which is owned by CME Group Inc.

McClendon agreed to a board request to terminate the so- called Founder Well Participation Program in June 2014, 18 months early, without additional compensation, Chesapeake said in a separate release yesterday. He’ll retain the CEO position and won’t relinquish any of the well stakes he acquired during the past 23 years, said Michael Kehs, a Chesapeake spokesman.

“They need to keep this guy on a short leash and this is the right way to do it,” said Mark Hanson, an analyst at Morningstar Inc. (MORN) in Chicago, said in a telephone interview yesterday.

Owning Well Stakes

As of Dec. 31, McClendon, 52, had $846 million in loans financing his participation in the well-ownership program. The program, which allowed him to own as much as 2.5 percent of almost every well the company drilled, required that he pay development costs proportionate to his stake.

As Chesapeake has grown during the past two decades, McClendon’s need for cash to cover his well costs expanded along with the company’s. McClendon’s personal cash crunch was exacerbated by a plunge in gas prices that delayed the point when wells drilled in recent years began to turn a profit, Hanson said.

McClendon had $573 million in losses on his well stakes during the past three calendar years as lease and drilling expenses overwhelmed gas and oil revenue, the company said in a regulatory filing. During the first quarter, he piled on another $88 million in losses.

The Internal Revenue Service has been reviewing the well- investment program since March 2010 as part of audits of the company’s 2008 and 2009 tax returns, Kehs said yesterday.

To contact the reporters on this story: Joe Carroll in Chicago at jcarroll8@bloomberg.net; Jim Polson in New York at jpolson@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Susan Warren at susanwarren@bloomberg.net

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RIM Bets on BlackBerry Without Keyboard to Challenge Apple

By Hugo Miller - May 3, 2012 4:10 AM GMT+0700

When Research In Motion Ltd. (RIMM) Chief Executive Officer Thorsten Heins unveiled a prototype of the new BlackBerry 10 phone yesterday, it lacked a feature that has kept legions of users loyal to the platform: a physical keyboard.

At the BlackBerry World expo in Orlando, Florida, he showed off a sleek touch-screen device that more closely resembled an iPhone or Android smartphone than the keypad-equipped BlackBerrys of old. While RIM still plans to produce models with keyboards, the demonstration was the biggest signal yet that the company was shifting to a touch-screen world.

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Thorsten Heins, president and chief executive officer of Research In Motion Ltd. Photographer: Julie Fletcher/Bloomberg

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A prototype of Research in Motion Ltd.'s new BlackBerry 10 device. Source: Research in Motion Ltd. via Bloomberg

RIM, which is counting on its redesigned BlackBerry 10 lineup to reverse a sales slump, faces a quandary. Smartphone users have embraced virtual keyboards, evidenced by Apple Inc. (AAPL) and Google Inc. (GOOG) accounting for more than 80 percent of the market. Even so, taking away RIM’s physical keypad removes a feature that distinguishes it from the competition.

“Some will lament it, but others will embrace it,” said Nigel Hughes, a vice president in charge of sales at Ashburn, Virginia-based SteelCloud Inc., which builds BlackBerry- compatible security software and hardware for customers such as the Department of Defense. “It’s a recognition that the future is without a keyboard.”

Shares Fall

Investors didn’t have a warm response. RIM shares declined 5 percent to $12.80 today, following a 5.7 percent drop yesterday. The stock has lost almost three-quarters of its value over the past year.

Heins said that RIM faces real challenges, especially in the U.S., where the company is being squeezed by Apple and Android. Everyone at RIM “gets it that we have an uphill battle in the U.S.,” he told reporters. Heins said he’s confident that BlackBerry will regain market share in the country.

RIM’s marketing has to improve, and the company is very close to picking a new chief marketing officer, a position that has been vacant for more than a year, Heins said. The German- born CEO, who took over from RIM co-founders Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie in January, said he’s also close to choosing a chief operating officer.

The company’s expansion from 6,000 employees when he joined RIM from Siemens AG in 2007 to about 20,000 at its peak caused it to lose some of its focus, Heins said.

‘Fat on the Hips’

“We have had a little fat on the hips,” he said. RIM has to become a “lean, mean hunting machine” focused on BlackBerry 10, Heins said.

Sales at the Waterloo, Ontario-based company tumbled 25 percent last quarter, with U.S. revenue plummeting more than 50 percent. And RIM’s share of the smartphone subscribers shrank to 12 percent in the period, making it a distant third in the industry, according to ComScore Inc. Google’s Android operating system accounted for 51 percent of the market, while Apple’s iPhone had 31 percent.

Before Heins took over as CEO in January, the company had talked with private-equity firm Silver Lake about going private, according to a person familiar with the matter. The discussions were preliminary and the two sides weren’t able to agree on a potential valuation, said the person, who asked to remain anonymous because the talks were private.

The iPhone’s debut in 2007, followed by Android devices a year later, showed that users were willing to embrace phones without a keyboard. While RIM made a foray into the touch-screen market in 2008 with the BlackBerry Storm, most of its lineup kept the keypads. The Storm was criticized for buggy software and was outsold by the BlackBerry Curve and Bold models, which both feature keyboards.

‘Risky’ Endeavor

For Mousser Jerbi, a longtime BlackBerry fan, the new prototype’s lack of a keyboard is a deal killer.

Jerbi plans to keep his current BlackBerry Bold rather than upgrade to the touch-screen phone. The keyboard makes it easy to tap out e-mails -- something that sets the old BlackBerry apart from a sea of iPhones and Android devices.

Jerbi, who runs corporate sales for Groupe Tunisie Telecom, Tunisia’s biggest wireless carrier, is skeptical the new model will catch on with loyalists. Even the name “BlackBerry” evokes the device’s black keys, which resemble seeds.

“Getting rid of the keyboard is risky,” said Jerbi, who once tried switching to an iPhone, only to switch back. “Especially for the e-mail user, the BlackBerry experience is very good.”

Easing the Transition

RIM began releasing the prototype to developers yesterday, saying it would be representative of the device’s hardware -- even if the final design is different. Features, such as word prediction, will make it easy for BlackBerry fans to adjust to a touch screen, Heins said.

Scrapping the physical keyboard from the initial BlackBerry 10 device will put it in closer competition with the iPhone and Android models, such as the Samsung Galaxy S. That could be tough for RIM, said Stephen Beck, a managing partner at the technology consulting firm CG42 LLC in Wilton, Connecticut.

“If you’re forcing a migration to non-keyboard, you’re going to get people asking, ‘What’s the best of breed of those devices?’” Beck said. “Given the momentum of iPhone and Android, that’s going to be a tough argument for RIM to win.”

Michael Clewley, director of handheld software product management at RIM, reassured BlackBerry World attendees that the company will eventually offer something for everyone with the BlackBerry 10 operating system. That may include slide-out keyboards, as well as traditional keypads.

“RIM has always had a wide range of devices,” he said yesterday. “We’re dedicated to having a form factor that fits your needs.”

To contact the reporter on this story: Hugo Miller in Toronto at hugomiller@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Nick Turner at nturner7@bloomberg.net

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Dow Average Retreats From Four-Year High on Jobs Data

By Rita Nazareth - May 3, 2012 3:40 AM GMT+0700

U.S. stocks fell, dragging the Dow Jones Industrial Average down from the highest level since 2007, as data showed companies added fewer jobs than economists projected and euro-region unemployment rose to a 15-year high.

Energy and financial shares dropped the most among 10 groups in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. Chesapeake Energy Corp. (CHK) tumbled 15 percent after reporting an unexpected loss and saying it may run out of money next year under the weight of the lowest natural-gas prices in a decade. Bank of America Corp. retreated 1.8 percent. Stocks pared their slump as a gauge of homebuilders in S&P indexes advanced to the highest since 2008.

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May 2 (Bloomberg) -- U.S. stock-index futures were little changed, indicating the Dow Jones Industrial Average will remain near a four-year high, as investors awaited a private report on payrolls in the world’s largest economy. (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 2 (Bloomberg) -- Martin Feldstein, a professor of economics at Harvard University, talks about the impact of Federal Reserve monetary policy on the stock market. Feldstein, speaking with Sara Eisen on Bloomberg Television's "InsideTrack," also discusses the outlook for the U.S. economy. (Source: Bloomberg)

The S&P 500 slid 0.3 percent to 1,402.31 at 4 p.m. New York time, after falling 0.9 percent earlier today. The Dow dropped 10.75 points, or 0.1 percent, to 13,268.57. The Nasdaq Composite Index increased 0.3 percent to 3,059.85 as Apple Inc. (AAPL) shares rebounded. About 6.6 billion shares changed hands on U.S. exchanges, or 1.4 percent below the three-month average.

“The labor market is weak at best,” said Keith Wirtz, who oversees $15 billion as chief investment officer for Fifth Third Asset Management in Cincinnati. “While we thought that we were gaining some momentum, more recent data suggest that things are sluggish. If we start to see a cascade of negative news, the market is going to be vulnerable.”

Equities fell as American companies added 119,000 workers in April, the fewest in seven months, according to a private report. Concern about Europe’s economy also helped drive stocks lower today. The jobless rate in the euro area rose to 10.9 percent in March, manufacturing contracted last month and unemployment in Germany unexpectedly increased.

Economic Surprises

The decline in stocks came after the S&P 500 rose to the highest level in almost a month yesterday. Today’s payroll survey intensified concern that Labor Department data in two days may show the U.S. isn’t growing fast enough to reduce unemployment. An index of forecasting accuracy shows data have been worse than economists predicted. The Citigroup Economic Surprise Index is at minus 20.40, the lowest since October.

“I’ve got a feeling that we might see a downside surprise on the monthly jobs report,” Randy Frederick, managing director of active trading and derivatives at Charles Schwab Corp., said from Austin, Texas. His firm has $1.83 trillion in client assets. “Given how high the market is right now and this softening in economic data, it’s very likely to see a pullback in the range of 5 percent to 10 percent.”

Investors bought stocks this year on better-than-estimated earnings, sending the S&P 500 up 12 percent. About 73 percent of S&P 500 companies that reported results since April 10 have beaten projections, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Energy Stocks

Six out of 10 groups in the S&P 500 retreated as energy shares slumped 1.6 percent. Oil dropped from a five-week high after the U.S. Energy Department said stockpiles rose to the highest level in 21 years. Byron Wien, the 79 year-old chairman of Blackstone Group LP’s advisory services unit, is forecasting an annual drop in oil prices for the first time in his career as swelling production pushes global inventories higher.

Chesapeake tumbled 15 percent, the most since 2008, to $16.74. The company slashed its full-year 2012 and 2013 operating cash flow estimates by as much as 48 percent, and increased the amount of assets it plans to sell. This year’s cash flow estimate was lowered to $2.7 billion to $3 billion, from a February forecast of $4.5 billion to $5.2 billion.

The shares surged 6.3 percent yesterday amid plans to strip Chief Executive Officer Aubrey McClendon of the chairman’s job and end an executive perk that allowed him to buy personal stakes in every well the company drilled.

‘Deeply Sorry’

“I’m deeply sorry for all of the distractions of the past two weeks,” McClendon, co-founder of Oklahoma City-based Chesapeake, said on a conference call to discuss first-quarter results today. McClendon said the company may have to sell more assets than planned to cover a gap between cash flow and revenue if natural-gas prices remain depressed.

The KBW Bank Index dropped 0.9 percent as 18 of its 24 stocks retreated. Bank of America declined 1.8 percent to $8.16. Citigroup Inc. (C) slipped 2.7 percent to $32.70.

Bankrate Inc. (RATE) plunged 15 percent, the most since it went public in June, to $20.19. The online publisher of personal finance information reported first-quarter earnings and revenue that fell short of estimates.

OpenTable Inc. (OPEN) sank 15 percent, the biggest decline since going public in 2009, to $37.13. The online restaurant- reservation service forecast revenue in 2012 of no more than $164 million, compared with the average analyst estimate of $168.5 million.

Homebuilders Rally

Stocks pared losses as a gauge of homebuilders in S&P indexes rose 2.5 percent. Lennar Corp. (LEN) gained 2.7 percent to $29.02. D.R. Horton Inc. added 3.4 percent to $17.22.

An International Strategy & Investment survey released yesterday showed sales by homebuilders climbed to a six-year high. The Los Angeles Times reported that the Federal Housing Finance Agency is under pressure to allow Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to reduce loan principal amounts for struggling borrowers.

A rebound in Apple, the world’s most valuable company, also helped trim some of the earlier slump in equities. Apple rose 0.7 percent to $585.98, after dropping for four straight days.

CVS Caremark Corp. (CVS) rose 2.7 percent to $45.92. The largest provider of prescription drugs in the U.S. reported first- quarter profit that exceeded analysts’ estimates after grabbing customers from Walgreen Co.

Con-way Inc. (CNW) advanced 13 percent to $37. The U.S. trucking company said it earned 45 cents a share excluding some items in the first quarter. Analysts, on average, estimated 34 cents, according to a Bloomberg survey.

Nike at Record

Nike Inc. (NKE), the world’s largest sporting-goods company, surged to an all-time high today. The shares added 2.7 percent to $114.28, extending this year’s rally to 19 percent.

TripAdvisor Inc. (TRIP) surged 17 percent to $42.63 for the biggest gain in the S&P 500. The online travel-recommendation service spun off from Expedia Inc. reported first-quarter profit and sales that topped some analysts’ estimates.

Financial shares are sending a signal that stock investors may be better off without a “sell in May” strategy this year, said Ari H. Wald, a Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. analyst.

The S&P 500’s financial stocks are beating the benchmark this year after lagging behind in 2011. (SPX) The group’s weakness last year preceded five straight months of declines, from May through September, for the S&P 500.

Banks, insurers and other financial companies posted the year’s biggest gain among the S&P 500’s 10 main industry groups through yesterday. Their industry index rose 20 percent, just beating a 19 percent advance in a gauge of technology stocks.

Economic Swings

Another favorable sign is that computer-related companies and other groups sensitive to economic swings are market leaders this year, Wald wrote yesterday in a report. Industries less affected by the economy’s performance were top performers through the first four months of last year.

There are indicators of weakness as well, he wrote. The number of 52-week highs in U.S. stocks after subtracting lows is shrinking, investor concern about a market slump has faded, yields on Treasury debt are low by historical standards, and commodity prices have fallen in the past two months.

The slump in these and other market barometers “has not progressed to the point that they support a bearish outlook as they did in May 2011,” Wald wrote. Instead, they point toward a “lack of full confirmation in either direction,” according to the New York-based analyst.

To contact the reporter on this story: Rita Nazareth in New York at rnazareth@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Nick Baker at nbaker7@bloomberg.net

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Romney’s Conflicting Tax Goals Make Burden Shift Likely

By Richard Rubin - May 2, 2012 9:01 PM GMT+0700

Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

Mitt Romney proposes reducing all individual income tax rates, dropping the top rate to 28 percent from 35 percent and the bottom rate to 8 percent from 10 percent.

Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney’s tax plan rests on a set of principles that, taken together, are difficult to reconcile.

Romney wants to reduce individual income tax rates by 20 percent, keep preferential rates for capital gains and dividends, broaden the tax base to limit revenue loss, and retain the tax-burden distribution across income groups.

Those goals are in conflict and will require that Romney consider limiting or eliminating the tax breaks for charitable deductions and home mortgage interest, said Martin Sullivan, contributing editor at Tax Analysts in Falls Church, Virginia.

“As soon as he gets in, he’s going to have to start backpedaling big-time on all of his promises,” Sullivan said. “It’s just not doable under any conceivable, realistic scenario.”

Romney hasn’t provided many details about his tax plan, such as which tax breaks he would curtail or end. He has suggested that tax benefits might be available to middle-income families though not upper-income families, without defining those income levels.

“We’re not going to shift the burden from middle-income people to higher-income people,” Romney said in an April 16 interview with ABC News. At the same time, he said, “I’m not looking for tax cuts for the rich.”

28 Percent Rate

Romney proposes reducing all individual income tax rates, dropping the top rate to 28 percent from 35 percent and the bottom rate to 8 percent from 10 percent. He would end taxation of investment income for households making less than $200,000 a year and keep the 15 percent rate for capital gains and dividends for taxpayers above those levels. He also would eliminate the estate tax and the alternative minimum tax.

Keeping the tax code’s progressive distribution among income brackets may be difficult without compromising some of these objectives. The lower rate on investment income rate is the most significant tax break for the very wealthiest taxpayers, and promising to protect that means that Romney has limited ways to offset the rate cuts for that group.

“The top 5 percent, the top 10 percent, the top 25 percent, we’ll look across the code at the various categories of taxpayers and see if they’re continuing to pay the approximately the same share that they have in the past,” Romney said on CNBC March 7.

All Taxes Considered

Romney will consider all federal taxes, including income, payroll, estate and corporate taxes, economic adviser Glenn Hubbard said in an April 30 interview. Hubbard noted that economists differ on which income groups bear the burden of some of those taxes.

Because almost half of all households don’t pay income taxes, Romney’s proposed rate cuts won’t benefit them and their other taxes would be largely unchanged. Instead, his plan would shift the burden within the upper-income half: those who get more tax benefits now would pay more taxes and those who get fewer would pay less.

Romney, who made $21.6 million in adjusted gross income in 2010, paid a 13.9 percent tax rate, according to tax returns he released, because most of his income came from investments. With a fortune estimated at as much as $250 million, he would benefit from eliminating the estate tax, now 35 percent with a $5.1 million exemption per person.

“He’s the first president who would massively cut his own taxes,” Sullivan said.

Obama’s Proposal

In contrast, President Barack Obama has proposed that high- income taxpayers pay higher tax rates on wages, capital gains and dividends. He would limit their deductions and prevent tax increases for married couples making less than $250,000 a year and individuals making less than $200,000.

Under Obama’s most recent budget, taxpayers in the top 1 percent would have an average tax increase of $93,707 in 2013, according to the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center in Washington. The middle 20 percent of taxpayers would receive an average tax cut of $40.

As evidence that Romney’s plan is feasible, Hubbard pointed to a report by the co-chairmen of the 2010 bipartisan fiscal commission, Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson, which also set a top 28 percent tax rate.

“You have a clear road map in Bowles-Simpson,” Hubbard said.

Deficit Commission Plan

Unlike Romney’s plan, the deficit commission’s proposal called for eliminating corporate tax breaks alongside rate reduction and ending the break for investment income. It suggested limiting tax breaks for charitable contributions, mortgage interest, retirement savings and health insurance.

The highest earners -- including Romney -- would benefit most from several of his proposals that differ from the Bowles- Simpson approach. Those include repealing the estate tax, cutting the corporate tax rate to 25 percent from 35 percent, and keeping the 15 percent tax rate on capital gains and dividends.

The Tax Policy Center estimated how Romney’s policies would affect different income groups, without the reductions in tax breaks he has yet to spell out.

Under Romney’s plan as announced, the top 20 percent of taxpayers would receive an average tax cut of $16,134, compared with what they are paying now. The top 0.1 percent -- those with incomes exceeding $2.9 million in 2015 -- would get an average tax cut of $725,716.

Middle-Class Burden

An estimate being released this week by the Brookings Institution’s Hamilton Project shows how hard it is to cut the top income tax rate without losing revenue or causing the middle class to pay a larger share.

To reduce the top rate to 23 percent -- below Romney’s 28 percent target -- and generate today’s revenue would require eliminating almost every tax break, including those for employer-sponsored health insurance, retirement savings and municipal bonds, capital gains and dividends.

A 27 percent top rate would allow some benefits for mortgage interest and health insurance to remain.

“You can only get rates down so far before you start losing revenues or really changing the progressivity of the tax schedule,” said Adam Looney, the Hamilton Project policy director, who helped develop the analysis. He was an economist at the Federal Reserve Board and the White House Council of Economic Advisers under Obama.

Larger Share

The current income tax system requires higher-income people to pay a larger share of taxes. In 2009, the top 10 percent of taxpayers received 43.2 percent of adjusted gross income and paid 70.5 percent of income taxes. Their percentage of taxes paid is lower if the calculation includes payroll taxes, which pay for Social Security and Medicare.

Ending the tax preference for investment income would reduce the after-tax income of the top 0.1 percent by 7.5 percent, compared with 0.9 percent for all Americans, according to the Tax Policy Center.

A Romney-style plan “theoretically could be progressive between the upper-middle class and the affluent, compared to the middle class,” said Edward Kleinbard, former chief of staff at the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation. “But it will not address the progressivity of the super-affluent with a 15 percent tax rate.”

Retaining the current progressive tax burden without changing capital gains rates is difficult, if not impossible, said Eric Toder, co-director of the Tax Policy Center.

“What you’d have to do is tax gains and dividends as ordinary income, because that’s where the very big preferences are,” he said. “That’s just the math.”

‘Aggressive’ on Deductions

For the group between the top 1 percent and the bottom 50 percent, the outlines of Romney’s plan are more achievable.

“There’s a huge amount of money that can be thrown back into the pot if you’re willing to be very aggressive about personal itemized deductions,” said Kleinbard, now a law professor at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.

Repealing all itemized deductions would reduce after-tax income by 1.7 percent, by 2.7 percent for the top 20 percent, and by 3 percent for the top 1 percent of taxpayers, according to the Tax Policy Center. That means those breaks are less tilted toward the highest-income taxpayers than the preference for investment income.

Romney made his clearest comments about broadening the tax base at an April 15 fundraiser, when reporters overheard him talking about eliminating the state and local tax deduction and the mortgage interest deduction for top earners’ second homes.

‘Up Their Sleeve’

Those changes wouldn’t be nearly enough to make up the revenue loss from his proposed tax cuts.

“I just don’t see where the numbers add up,” Toder said. “Maybe they’ve got something up their sleeve I haven’t seen.”

The focus on maintaining the current distribution of the tax burden is misguided because of income mobility, said Scott Hodge, president of the Tax Foundation, a Washington group that favors a simpler tax code with lower rates. He said more than 70 percent of people on the Internal Revenue Service’s list of the 400 highest incomes between 1992 and 2008 made the list only once.

“Trying to tax any particular group is really trying to tax a snapshot of people as they move through it,” Hodge said.

To contact the reporter on this story: Richard Rubin in Washington at rrubin12@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Jodi Schneider at jschneider50@bloomberg.net

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Facebook Said to Begin IPO Road Show as Soon as Next Week

By Brian Womack - May 2, 2012 4:56 AM GMT+0700

Facebook Inc. (FB), owner of the world’s most popular social-networking service, expects to begin marketing its initial public offering to investors as soon as next week, according to a person with knowledge of the matter.

The person declined to be identified because the plans haven’t been made public. Facebook executives will use the so- called road show to outline their business to prospective investors, a process that typically ends within about two weeks.

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A collage of profile pictures in the break room at the new Facebook Data Center on April 19, 2012 in Forest City, North Carolina. Photographer: Rainier Ehrhardt/Getty Images

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Bloomberg’s Cory Johnson reports that Facebook will begin marketing their share sale as soon as next week. He speaks with Bloomberg’s Emily Chang on Bloomberg Television’s “Bloomberg West.” (Source: Bloomberg)

That timing indicates that Facebook could complete the IPO before the end of the month, after filing an updated S-1 with regulators by the end of this week. Facebook filed in February for an IPO that could give it a value of $75 billion to $100 billion, people with knowledge of the plans have said. The Menlo Park, California-based company, which has more than 900 million users, is seeking $5 billion in what would be the largest Internet IPO on record.

Facebook executives would use the road show to discuss growth prospects that lifted sales 45 percent to $1.06 billion in the first quarter. They’ll also face questions over the rise in costs that trimmed net income 12 percent to $205 million in the March period.

The company plans to list its shares on the Nasdaq Stock Market and plans to trade under the symbol “FB.”

Jonathan Thaw, a spokesman for Facebook, declined to comment. The technology blog AllThingsDigital earlier reported that the road show may start next week.

To contact the reporter on this story: Brian Womack in San Francisco at bwomack1@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Tom Giles at tgiles5@bloomberg.net

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Rupert Murdoch Not Fit to Lead News Corp., Lawmakers Say

By Robert Hutton and Amy Thomson - May 2, 2012 1:45 AM GMT+0700

News Corp. (NWSA) Chairman Rupert Murdoch is “not a fit person” to lead a major international company, U.K. lawmakers said, after his British unit misled Parliament about the extent of phone hacking at its News of the World tabloid.

Murdoch “turned a blind eye and exhibited willful blindness to what was going on in his companies,” the House of Commons Culture Committee said in a report today that split lawmakers along party lines on critical findings. “This culture, we consider, permeated from the top throughout the organization and speaks volumes about the lack of effective corporate governance at News Corp.”

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News Corp. CEO Rupert Murdoch. Photographer: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Niri Shan, who leads the media law practice at Taylor Wessing LLP in London, talks about a report from the U.K. House of Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee that deemed News Corp. Chairman Rupert Murdoch "not a fit person" to lead a major international company. Conservative members of the committee opposed the verdict on Murdoch’s fitness to run a company. Shan speaks with Betty Liu on Bloomberg Television's "In the Loop." (Source: Bloomberg)

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News Corp. CEO Rupert Murdoch. Photographer: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

The report may increase the likelihood that U.K. regulator Ofcom concludes News Corp. is unfit to hold a broadcasting license and asks the company to reduce its 39 percent stake in British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc. (BSY) The phone-hacking scandal prompted News Corp. to abandon a 7.8 billion-pound ($12.7 billion) bid for the rest of BSkyB, the U.K.’s biggest pay- television provider, last year. Tim Bale, a Sussex University politics professor, said he was surprised by the report’s strong language.

“It’s clearly not good news,” he said in a phone interview, adding that the report contained “really serious” accusations. “They clearly must have been hoping that the committee would have been more measured and more cautious.”

‘Hard Truths’

While the report contained “hard truths” for News Corp., it has already confronted the problems documented in it by conducting internal reviews of its newspapers, providing evidence to authorities and setting up internal controls to prevent hacking or bribery from occurring in the future, the New York-based company said in a statement today.

The company’s investigations into its Times, Sunday Times and Sun newspapers uncovered “no evidence of illegal conduct other than a single incident reported months ago,” Murdoch said in a separate statement. About a dozen reporters at the Sun have been arrested, though not charged, in a police investigation into bribery. News Corp.’s internal investigators have been handing over information to the police.

“We certainly should have acted more quickly and aggressively to uncover wrongdoing,” Murdoch said. “We deeply regret what took place and have taken our share of responsibility for not rectifying the situation sooner.”

‘Above the Law’

Three executives at the News International unit -- Les Hinton, Tom Crone and Colin Myler -- gave misleading testimony to the committee in 2009, the panel said in London. The company failed to disclose documents and made statements that “were not fully truthful,” and Murdoch, 81, and his son James must ultimately take responsibility, the lawmakers said.

The 11-member committee has been working on its report since July, when the Murdochs were summoned to testify about their roles in the scandal. Father and son told a media-ethics inquiry last week that underlings, particularly Crone and Myler, were to blame for their failure to detect any wrongdoing at the now defunct newspaper.

“The News of the World and News International misled the committee about the true nature and extent of the internal investigations they professed to have carried out in relation to phone hacking,” the panel said. “Their instinct throughout was to cover up rather than seek out wrongdoing.”

The six Labour and Liberal Democrat lawmakers on the committee voted to conclude that Rupert Murdoch is “not a fit person” to lead a major international company and the four members of Prime Minister David Cameron’s Conservative Party voted against it. One of them, Louise Mensch, said they “felt that was ultimately outside the scope of a select committee.”

Conservative Dissent

“Rupert Murdoch clearly is a fit and proper person to run an international company,” said Philip Davies, another dissenting Conservative. “He’s been running businesses since before I was born. We’ve seen absolutely no evidence to suggest that Rupert Murdoch was aware these things were going on.”

Labour’s Tom Watson argued those in charge needed to take responsibility. “We found News Corp. carried out an extensive cover-up of its rampant law breaking,” he told reporters. “The two men at the top of the company need to answer for that.”

The division along party lines may lead to further suggestions that Cameron and his Conservatives are too close to Murdoch. Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt is under pressure to resign following the publication of e-mails last week which showed his office had been providing information to News Corp. about the government’s position on the BSkyB bid when Hunt was in charge of deciding on whether it should be allowed.

Skeptical Report

The report was skeptical of Murdoch’s claim the hacking and the cover-up had all been at too low a level for him to know about. “In his testimony to us and also the Leveson Inquiry, Rupert Murdoch has demonstrated excellent powers of recall and grasp of detail, when it has suited him,” the committee said.

Ofcom has said it will draw upon the report for its decision on News Corp.’s fitness to hold a broadcasting license. The regulator asked News Corp. last week to provide documents from civil phone-hacking lawsuits as it decides whether the matter has compromised the company’s ability to run BSkyB, and it said today it will assess the new evidence.

The lawmakers are “not the people ultimately to decide whether someone is a fit and proper person, and it’s not over until the fat lady, in other words a regulator, sings,” Sussex University’s Bale said.

45 Arrests

Police probes into phone and computer hacking and bribery have led to about 45 arrests, including former News of the World editors Rebekah Brooks and Andy Coulson, once Cameron’s communications chief. News Corp. closed the Sunday tabloid in July and later replaced it with a Sunday edition of the Sun.

After the hacking scandal first became public in 2006, with the arrest of a reporter, Clive Goodman, and a private investigator, Glenn Mulcaire, the company’s “containment approach” was to blame the crime on one “rogue reporter,” the panel said. It then shifted blame to “certain individuals,” including Myler and Crone, “whilst striving to protect more senior figures,” notably 39-year-old James Murdoch, News Corp.’s deputy chief operating officer.

Myler and Crone “cannot be allowed to carry the whole of the blame as News Corp. has clearly intended,” the committee said. “The whole affair demonstrated huge failings of corporate governance.”

The two men, summoned before the Culture Committee last September, denied having misled it in 2009.

Hinton’s Role

Hinton didn’t tell the truth about payments to Goodman and the extent of his knowledge of the voice-mail allegations, the lawmakers said today. Crone misled the panel about the significance of the first legal settlement with a victim of hacking, while he and Myler lied about their knowledge of the participation of other News of the World employees in criminal activity, according to today’s report.

“I stand by the evidence that I gave the committee,” Myler said in an e-mailed statement today.

Crone said the same, adding that the committee was misinterpreting his earlier testimony.

“I accept that there are valid criticisms of my conduct in this matter, but for the second time in a week, I seem to be the subject of serious allegations which lack foundation,” he said.

In a separate statement, Hinton said he also denied the accusations. “I have always been truthful in my dealings with the committee and its findings are unfounded,” he said.

Contempt Vote

Parliament as a whole will be asked to vote on whether the men are guilty of contempt. The committee chairman, John Whittingdale, said it wasn’t clear what the punishment could be, because no one has been found guilty of it for decades.

BSkyB gained 1.9 percent to close at 691 pence in London trading. That was below the 700 pence per share News Corp. offered to pay last year for the remaining 61 percent stake.

Analysts including Sanford C. Bernstein’s Claudio Aspesi said today Murdoch could decide to sell the stake in the pay-TV operator. BSkyB had risen as high as 850 pence before newspaper reports in July that News of the World employees intercepted murder victim Milly Dowler’s voice mails in 2002.

News Corp. rose as much as 2 percent in New York. The stock had risen 9.9 percent this year before today.

Bloomberg LP, the parent of Bloomberg News, competes with News Corp. units in providing financial news and information.

To contact the reporters on this story: Amy Thomson in London at athomson6@bloomberg.net; Robert Hutton in London at rhutton1@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Anthony Aarons at aaarons@bloomberg.net

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Occupy Protesters Hit U.S. Streets Amid Music, Tear Gas

By Henry Goldman, Pham-Duy Nguyen and Esme E. Deprez - May 2, 2012 9:34 AM GMT+0700

Demonstrators took to the streets in May Day protests across the U.S., sending a singing “Guitarmy” to Manhattan’s Union Square and smashing windows in Seattle.

Organizers said the events marked a springtime resurgence of Occupy Wall Street, and they punctuated their message with trombones, hand-held drums, a San Francisco kayak flotilla and a crowd a half-mile long moving down Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue. Calls for a global general strike with no work, no school, no banking and no shopping were heard in Toronto, Barcelona, London, Kuala Lumpur and Sydney.

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A demonstrator affiliated with the Occupy Wall Street movement holds up a sign in front of the Bank of America Corp. tower in New York on May 1, 2012. Photographer: Scott Eells/Bloomberg

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Jeffrey Brewer, an Occupy Wall Street protester, talks about the movement and its goals as Occupy Wall Street demonstrators took to the streets in May Day protests after a drenching rain in New York, gathering in Bryant Park and outside banks with slogans decrying inequities of wealth. (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Occupy Wall Street protestors march in Oakland, California, and demonstrate in front of banks. Oakland police later used tear gas to end the confrontation. (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Michael Villeggiante, president of Local 10 of the International Longshore & Warehouse Union, talks with Bloomberg's Alison Vekshin about labor demonstrations that canceled ferry service in San Francisco. (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Keith Minnar, a resident of Auburn, Washington, and Mia Harrison, an assistant manager at an American Apparel Inc. store, talk about a protest they witnessed in downtown Seattle today. (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Occupy Wall Street demonstrators began May Day protests amid steady rain in New York, gathering in Bryant Park and outside banks to call attention to the inequities of wealth. Betty Liu reports Bloomberg Television's "In The Loop." (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Thomas Brown, chief executive officer at Second Curve Capital LLC and a Bloomberg contributing editor, talks about the resurgence of the Occupy Wall Street protests. Brown, speaking with Betty Liu on Bloomberg Television's "In the Loop," also discusses possible job cuts at Bank of America Corp. (Source: Bloomberg)

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May 1 (Bloomberg) -- Tom Morello, guitarist for rock band Rage Against the Machine, speaks at New York City's Union Square about his participation in the Occupy Wall Street "May Day" demonstrations. (Source: Bloomberg)

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Occupy Wall Street protesters during a May Day rally in front of the Bank of America building on May 1, 2012 in New York City. Photographer: Monika Graff/Getty Images

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A wet sign reads "Welcome to May Day" near demonstrators affiliated with the Occupy Wall Street movement in New Yor. Photographer: Scott Eells/Bloomberg

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A member of Occupy Wall Street stands in front of Bryant Park in New York on May 1st 2012. Photographer: Peter Foley/Bloomberg

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Occupy SF, a splinter group of Occupy Wall Street, paddle kayaks and join members of IBU ILWU local 10 and 75 to protest against the Golden Gate Ferry Service in front of the San Francisco Ferry Building in San Francisco on May 1, 2012. Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg

In Oakland, California, police used gas to break up confrontations with demonstrators, some bearing shields made out of garbage cans cut in half. In New York, a crowd of thousands gathered at Union Square in anticipation of marches on Wall Street and police said they made about 34 disorderly conduct arrests by 9 p.m.

“Occupy Wall Street is alive,” said Cynthia Price, a 48- year-old real-estate investor, as she marched down Broadway past City Hall. “The challenge is now what do we do to really make a difference?”

Her sign read: “Sorry for the inconvenience. We’re trying to change the world.”

Storm’s Center

Occupy groups across the U.S. have protested economic disparity and high foreclosure and unemployment rates that hurt average Americans while bankers and financial executives received bonuses and taxpayer-funded bailouts. In the past six months, similar groups, using social media and other tools, have arisen in Europe, Asia and Latin America.

In New York, the city whose Wall Street is synonymous with a financial system protesters said discredited itself in the 2008 crash, the Occupy movement has relied on demonstrations and marches since Nov. 15. That was the day that police ousted hundreds of protesters from their headquarters in Zuccotti Park near Wall Street, where they had camped for months.

Organizers described the May Day events as a coming together, with activists also calling for more open immigration laws, expanded labor rights and cheaper financing for higher education. Financial institutions remain primary targets.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM), Bank of America Corp. (BAC), Citigroup Inc. (C), Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC) and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS) held $8.5 trillion in assets at the end of 2011. That’s equal to 56 percent of the U.S. economy, compared with 43 percent in 2006, according to the Federal Reserve.

Waltzing for Justice

At JPMorgan Chase’s building on Park Avenue in Manhattan, about 40 protesters waltzed to a 12-piece band featuring trumpets, flutes, trombones, drums and an alto saxophone.

Thousands made their way down Fifth Avenue from Bryant Park to Union Square, including the squadron of about 20 guitar- strummers singing Woody Guthrie’s “This Land is Your Land.” At Union Square, they met guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, a rock band with radical politics.

“Some people have the freedom to choose, and they chose to buy a Lamborghini, while others are choosing which Dumpster to pick their dinner from,” Morello said in an interview.

The crowd in the three-block-square park was shoulder to shoulder at 5 p.m. local time. Organizers said as many as 20,000 were present; there was no official count.

Long March

About 6:30 p.m., columns of marchers headed toward Wall Street. Police herded them through closed intersections as onlookers poked their heads from apartment windows. Hundreds of officers walking, on scooters and in vans and unmarked sedans brought up the rear. Plastic handcuffs hung off their pants. Some were in riot gear.

Gustavo Maria Giugale, a banking lawyer visiting New York on business from Buenos Aires, said he sympathized with the protesters as he watched them assemble in midtown Manhattan.

“The interests of capital and employees must merge,” Giugale said as he sipped espresso at a cafe, dressed in pinstriped suit, Hermes tie and Burberry coat. “It’s a matter of striking the right balance.”

Occupy-related events were planned in 115 cities throughout the U.S., from college towns such as Amherst, Massachusetts, and Ann Arbor, Michigan, to Los Angeles, Houston, and Philadelphia. In Chicago, about 1,000 protesters escorted by police cruisers and helicopters and a dozen mounted officers marched two miles into downtown.

Broken Glass

In Seattle, a group of about five people in black broke ranks with an Occupy march and broke windows in three storefronts and half a dozen cars as they threw flares.

“These protesters are under the umbrella of anarchists, but what do they really stand for?” said Michael Aycock, 43, who watched from across the street as protesters spray-painted and broke glass. “There are plenty of jobs out there, but these people are not interested. It’s the age of entitlement.”

Mayor Mike McGinn signed an emergency order allowing police to seize any item that might be used as a weapon, such as flag poles, said his spokesman, Aaron Pickus.

In downtown Los Angeles, demonstrators rode a bus labeled “Queers Against Foreclosure,” while hundreds of others advocated the legalization of illegal immigrants.

Ten protesters were arrested at Los Angeles International Airport about 1 p.m. for blocking Century Boulevard, a major access road, said Rosario Herrera, a police spokeswoman.

In Oakland, police used tear gas against a crowd that had surrounded and thrown objects at officers as they attempted to make arrests, Karen Boyd, a spokeswoman for the city, said in a statement.

As many as 5,000 protesters marched downtown at about 6 p.m., she said. At least nine people were taken into custody during the day, Boyd said. Vandalism was reported at Bank of America and Bank of the West offices, and protesters broke windows of a police van and punctured tires of a news vehicle.

Takes All Kinds

Karen Hancock, a 63-year-old Oakland resident, said she had grown frustrated with a stalled economy that kept her from finding a job and by U.S. wars. She was arrested in a January demonstration. Today, as protesters taunted police, she said she was untroubled by potential mayhem.

“I don’t like violence, but if you just stand on the sidelines with a poster, it never gets us anywhere,” Hancock said. “It takes all these kinds of people and these kinds of actions.”

Across the bay in San Francisco, morning ferry service was canceled due to demonstrations. As 65 workers picketed the waterside Ferry Building, accompanied by a seven-piece band and a juggler, Occupy protesters in eight kayaks approached, chanting “We are the 99 percent!” and displaying flags reading “99%,” “Health Care!” and “Dignity.”

To contact the reporters on this story: Henry Goldman in New York at hgoldman@bloomberg.net; Pham-Duy Nguyen in Seattle at pnguyen@bloomberg.net; Esme E. Deprez in New York at edeprez@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Stephen Merelman at smerelman@bloomberg.net

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