Iceland Central Bank Raises Key Interest Rate to 18%

By Tasneem Brogger and Helga Kristen Einarsdottir
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Oct. 28 (Bloomberg) -- Iceland's central bank unexpectedly raised the benchmark interest rate to 18 percent, the highest in at least seven years, after the island reached an aid agreement with the International Monetary Fund.

Policy makers raised the key rate by 6 percentage points, the Reykjavik-based bank said in a statement on its Web site today, taking the rate to the highest since the bank began targeting inflation in 2001. It will publish the reasons for today's move at 11 a.m. local time.

The central bank is raising rates as Iceland, the first western nation to seek aid from the IMF since the U.K. in 1976, faces a prolonged contraction, coupled with possible hyperinflation and rising joblessness. The economy will shrink as much as 10 percent next year, the IMF forecasts. Iceland will receive about $2.1 billion in aid from the Washington-based fund, according to a deal struck on Oct. 24.

This is ``a first step toward opening their currency market and is probably one of the conditions attached to the agreement struck with the IMF,'' said Bjarke Roed-Frederiksen, a Copenhagen- based economist at Nordea Bank AB, the biggest Nordic lender.

Today's increase in the key rate comes after the central bank on Oct. 15 cut it by 3.5 percentage points from 15.5 percent. That move indicated policy makers were focusing on growth and abandoning their target of stabilizing inflation, which may soar as high as 75 percent in coming months, according to Lars Christensen, chief analyst at Danske Bank A/S in Copenhagen.

Daily Auctions

The central bank has been holding daily auctions since the currency's collapse earlier this month with local market makers setting the rate at about 150 kronur per euro. According to Roed- Frederiksen, further rate increases can't be ruled out if policy makers want to strengthen the krona once international traders are granted access to the market.

Iceland's financial regulator took control of Kaupthing Bank hf, Landsbanki Islands hf and Glitnir Bank hf earlier this month, after they couldn't secure short-term funding. That precipitated the collapse of the currency. The central bank on Oct. 7 attempted to peg the krona only to abandon the measure a day later citing ``insufficient support.''

History shows that attempts to save currencies from plunges by raising interest rates are prone to failure. The U.K. on Sept. 16, 1992, boosted its benchmark rate by 5 percentage points in two moves to 15 percent in a doomed effort to keep the pound in a European exchange-rate system. Britain gave up the attempt the same day and canceled the second rate rise; the pound lost 22 percent against the dollar in the final two months of the year.

During the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, the International Monetary Fund advocated high rates to help restore confidence in sliding currencies. Central banks from Indonesia and Thailand to South Korea and Singapore lifted borrowing costs. South Korea took its main rate to 30 percent in December 1997.

The strategy failed to prevent exchange-rate collapses across the region. South Korea's won lost 47 percent against the dollar in 1997, the Thai baht fell 45 percent and Indonesia's rupiah plummeted 56 percent.

To contact the reporters on this story: Tasneem Brogger in Copenhagen at tbrogger@bloomberg.net;